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25.11.2008 16:32 - Social policy and social activities - introduction
Автор: polinastavreva Категория: Технологии   
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                Social policy relates to guidelines for the changing, maintenance or creation of living conditions that are conducive to human welfare. Thus social policy is that part of public policy that has to do with social issues such as public access to social programs. Social policy aims to improve human welfare and to meet human needs for education, health, housing and social security. In an academic environment, social policy refers to the study of the welfare state and the range of responses to social need.
In United States politics, social policies are those which regulate and govern human behavior in areas such as sexuality and general morality. Social policies are in contrast to other, more traditional forms of political policy, such as foreign policy and economic policy. Modern-day social policies may deal with the following issues:
• abortion, and the regulation of its practice
• the legal status of euthanasia
• the rules surrounding issues of marriage, divorce, and adoption
• poverty, welfare, and homelessness and how it is to deal with these issues
                        Social policy may be influenced by religion and the religious beliefs of politicians. Political conservatives as a whole generally favor a more traditionalist approach that favors individual initiative and private enterprise in social policy. Political liberals, on the other hand favor the guarantee of equal rights and entitlements to all people and tend to favor state regulation or insurance to support this.
In Europe and Canada, social policy usually refers to policies affecting the social conditions under which people live. Important areas of social policy in these countries are:
• Health insurance
• Accident insurance
• Unemployment insurance
• Retirement insurance
• Labor regulation
• Education
                      In most European countries, those types of insurance are made mandatory by law. As a result, the number of people living in industrialized democracies without health insurance is very small, with the exception of the US. However, those policies are facing additional challenges in recent years, as the population is aging and the number of contributors dwindling, while there are more and more beneficiaries. Social policy is thus becoming an important challenge for politicians and policymakers.
Asia and Pacific
                      At the World Summit for Social Development, Governments reached a new consensus on the need to put people at the centre of development. The Social Summit was the largest gathering ever of world leaders at that time. It pledged to eradicate poverty, create full employment and foster social integration.
At the end of the Summit, Governments adopted the Copenhagen Declaration, the Ten Commitments (listed below) and the Programme of Action of the World Social Summit.
• Create an economic, political, social, cultural and legal environment that will enable people to achieve social development;
• Eradicate absolute poverty by a target date to be set by each country;
• Support full employment as a basic policy goal;
• Promote social integration based on the enhancement and protection of all human rights;
• Achieve equality and equity between women and men;
• Attain universal and equitable access to education and primary health care;
• Accelerate the development of Africa and the least developed countries;
• Ensure that structural adjustment programmes include social development goals;
• Increase resources allocated to social development;
• Strengthen cooperation for social development through the UN.
                    Five years later, Governments reconvened in Geneva in June 2000 for the 24th special session of the United Nations General Assembly, to review what has been achieved, and to commit themselves to new initiatives. 

Latin America 
                    The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC or ECLAC) was established in 1948 (then as the UN Economic Commission for Latin America, or UNECLA) to encourage economic cooperation among its member states. In 1984, a resolution was passed to include the countries of the Caribbean in the name. It is one of five regional commissions under the administrative direction of United Nations headquarters. The ECLAC has 41 member States and seven non-independent territories in the Caribbean, and reports to the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). As well as countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, it includes Canada, France, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. The activities of social policy in Latin America countries are :
• abortion, and the regulation of its practice
• the legal status of euthanasia
• the rules surrounding issues of marriage, divorce, and adoption
• poverty, welfare, and homelessness and how it is to deal with these issue
• Traffic of women and children
• Drug control

The social policy in Africa
                      The Social Affairs and Health Committee of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council for the African Union is responsible for:
• Health
• Children
• Drug control
• Population
• Migration
• Labor and employment
• Family
• Aging
• The physically challenged
• Sports
• Youth and protection
• Social integration

 


Social policy and social activities /introduction/ 


Тагове:   Social,   activities,


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Автор: polinastavreva
Категория: Технологии
Прочетен: 244586
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